JIFI (Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Imelda)

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KESAMBI (SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR.) OKEN) TERHADAP ESCHERICHIA COLI BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN KEPOLARAN PELARUT

Nurul Inayah — 2026-10-22

Kesambi leaves (Schleichera oleosa), from the Sapindaceae family, have long been used as traditional medicine with various reported pharmacological potentials. This study examined how extraction solvent polarity (methanol vs. n-hexane) affects the antioxidant (DPPH method) and antibacterial activity of kesambi leaves. Extraction was done by maceration, followed by phytochemical screening and antioxidant/antibacterial testing. The methanol extract yield (28%) was much higher than the n-hexane extract (1.31%), with simplicia moisture content of 3.7%, meeting Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia standards. Phytochemical screening showed the methanol extract contained alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins, while the n-hexane extract contained alkaloids, tannins, and steroids. The methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 61.847 ppm), outperforming the n-hexane extract, which was weak (IC50 = 205.757 ppm), compared to vitamin C as the positive control (IC50 = 13.755 ppm). In antibacterial testing, both extracts inhibited E. coli, with the methanol extract producing a larger inhibition zone, though both remained weak relative to amoxicillin as the positive control. Overall, the polar solvent (methanol) yielded better antioxidant and antibacterial results than the nonpolar solvent (n-hexane), suggesting methanol extraction is more effective for harnessing kesambi leaves' bioactive compounds.

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN KOMBUCHA BUNGA CHAMOMILE (Matricaria chamomilla L.) BERDASARKAN LAMA FERMENTASI DENGAN METODE DPPH

Muhammad Andry — 2026-10-22

Oxidative stress arising from excess reactive species underlies many chronic disorders, driving interest in natural antioxidant beverages such as kombucha; however, chamomile flower (Matricaria chamomilla L.) has rarely been explored as a kombucha substrate. This study aimed to evaluate chamomile flower as a kombucha substrate and to determine the effect of fermentation duration on the antioxidant activity of the resulting beverage. Authenticated and standardised chamomile simplicia was infused (10 g/L), sweetened with sucrose (10% w/v), inoculated with SCOBY starter (10% v/v) and fermented at room temperature as a single batch sampled on days 7, 9, 12 and 14. The simplicia was screened phytochemically, and the beverages were assessed for organoleptic properties, hedonic acceptance and pH. DPPH radical scavenging was measured at 516 nm over 10–80 ppm, and IC₅₀ values were compared by one-way ANOVA. All simplicia quality parameters met the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia requirements, and pH decreased from 4.3 to 3.3. The IC₅₀ fell from 118.73 ppm in the unfermented infusion to 84.26, 67.99, 58.95 and 32.74 ppm on days 7, 9, 12 and 14, respectively (p < 0.05), while quercetin gave 15.87 ppm; the values for the unfermented infusion and day 7 were extrapolated beyond the tested range. Only the 14-day product reached the very strong category (IC₅₀ < 50 ppm), although panellists liked it least. In conclusion, longer fermentation progressively enhanced the antioxidant activity of chamomile kombucha at the expense of sensory acceptance, whereas its consumption safety still requires alcohol, microbiological and storage-stability testing.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN ORAL DISSOLVING FILM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BALAKACIDA (Chromolaena odorata L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOLVENT CASTING

Devina Chandra — 2026-10-22

An Oral Dissolving Film containing balakacida (Chromolaena odorata L.) leaf ethanol extract was developed as an alternative oral dosage from using the solvent casting method. This study aimed to formulate the extract into an Oral Dissolving Film and determine the effect of different hydroxypropyl methylcellulose concentrations on its physical characteristics and stability. Three formulations containing 2, 3, and 4% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were prepared as F1, F2, and F3, respectively. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, weight uniformity, film thickness, dissolution time, folding endurance, pH, and stability. All formulations produced homogeneous films with smooth surfaces and characteristic extract odors. The mean film thicknesses of F1, F2, and F3 were 0.05, 0.05, and 0.06 mm, respectively. The dissolution times were 27.46 ± 2.40, 37.37 ± 2.08, and 45.57 ± 0.53 s, respectively. All formulations showed pH values within 6.2–7.6 and folding endurance exceeding 300 folds. Freeze–thaw, heating–cooling, and extended stability testing showed that the physical characteristics remained relatively stable. Statistical analysis showed that hydroxypropyl methylcellulose concentration significantly affected film thickness, dissolution time, and folding endurance. F1 containing 2% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was selected as the most appropriate formulation based on its fastest dissolution time, pH and folding endurance within the specified criteria, and relatively stable physical characteristics.

HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DENGAN PERILAKU PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DI MASYARAKAT PONDOK TANAH MAS CIBITUNG RT 01 RW 24 KABUPATEN BEKASI

Muhammad Fadhil Febryan — 2026-10-22

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious health problem in Indonesia. Based on the Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia Study in 2019, 43% of 2,494 respondents showed resistance to several classes of antibiotics. One of the main causes of this issue is the low level of public knowledge regarding the proper use of antibiotics. This condition allows microorganisms to develop and adapt, rendering antibiotics ineffective in treating infections. This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and passive behavior of the community regarding antibiotic use and to analyze the correlation between them in the Cibitung area, specifically Pondok Tanah Mas RT 01 RW 24, Bekasi Regency. The study design is descriptive-analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected in January–March 2025 using a Guttman scale questionnaire from 76 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results show that the majority of respondents are aged 36–45 years (24 respondents, 31,6%), female (44 respondents, 58%), and have a senior high school education (60 respondents, 80%). The most commonly used antibiotic is amoxicillin, reported by 42 respondents (55%). The knowledge levels of respondents are categorized as good (22.4%), fair (30,2%), and poor (47.4%). Passive behavior in antibiotic use is also recorded as good (22.4%), fair (30.2%), and poor (47.4%). The chi-square test shows a highly significant correlation between knowledge and passive behavior (p < 0.001). In conclusion, public knowledge and behavior regarding antibiotic use are still relatively low. Continuous education is needed to raise awareness and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

PENGARUH VARIASI KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK INFUSA DAUN SALAM (Syzygiumpolyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) SEBAGAI ANTIDEPRESAN PADA MENCIT PUTIH (Mus musculus) JANTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORCED SWIM TEST

Dina Maya Syari — 2026-10-22

The use of synthetic antidepressants often causes various side effects, prompting a search for alternative therapies derived from natural sources. *Syzygium polyanthum* (Wight.) Walp. (Indonesian bay leaf) is known to contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids, all of which possess potential antidepressant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of varying concentrations of *S. polyanthum* leaf infusion on antidepressant activity in male white mice (*Mus musculus*) using the Forced Swim Test (FST). Twenty-five male white mice were used as test subjects and divided into five treatment groups: a negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), a positive control (Flunarizine 0.065 mg/kg body weight), and three treatment groups receiving *S. polyanthum* leaf infusion at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 40%. The parameter observed was immobility time. The results showed no significant decrease in the negative control group, whereas the positive control group (Flunarizine) exhibited a significant reduction. Infusion doses of 10% and 20% also reduced immobility time, but the most optimal effect was observed at the 40% dose. ANOVA statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among group means (p<0.05). LSD (Least Significant Difference) test results indicated that the 40%, 20%, and 10% doses did not differ significantly from the positive control (p>0.05) in terms of antidepressant activity. The conclusion of this study is that the 40% concentration of Indonesian bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) infusion exhibited the most favorable antidepressant effect, with an immobility time that was not significantly different from that of the positive control group. These findings indicate that Indonesian bay leaf infusion has potential for further development as a natural-based antidepressant candidate.

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata L.) SEBAGAI PENYEMBUH LUKA SAYAT PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rathus norvegicus)

Monica Suryani — 2026-10-22

In previous research, kirinyuh leaf extract was developed into a gel formulation as an alternative form that is easier to use. The purpose of this study is to formulate Chromolaena odorata leaf extract into a gel, and to evaluate the physical properties of the gel as well as its wound-healing efficacy at various extract concentrations.. F0 without extract, F1 with 5% extract, F2 with 10% extract, and F3 with 15% extract were the four formulations that were created. The formulations organoleptic qualities, homogeneity, spreadability, pH, viscosity, and physical stability were assessed. 24 male Wistar rats with incision wounds seen on days 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 had their wound-healing activity evaluated. Every formulation had the same spreadability (5–7 cm), pH (4.0–6.0), and viscosity (5,600–10,400 cPs). The formulations remained physically stable during testing. F3 showed the fastest wound reduction, reaching 0.45 cm on day 12 and complete closure on day 18. The gel containing Chromolaena odorata L. leaf extract met the physical quality requirements based on organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and cycling test, with the preparations remaining homogeneous and stable. Formula F3, containing 15% leaf extract, demonstrated the most effective wound-healing activity, achieving complete wound closure on day 18.

UJI MUTU FISIK SEDIAAN LIP BALM DAN PENETAPAN KADAR TOTAL ANTOSIANIN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)

Sri Rezeki Samosir — 2026-10-22

The peel of the mangosteen fruit, which is called Garcinia mangostana L., has special chemicals in it.These include anthocyanins, which are good at neutralizing harmful substances in the body and can also be used as natural coloring agents in beauty products. This research tried to find out how much anthocyanin is in the extract from mangosteen peel and make a lip balm that has good physical qualities. Different levels of extract concentration were tested to find out which one worked best. An experimental lab method was followed, which included extracting the peel of mangosteen, checking for plant chemicals, measuring total anthocyanin content, making a lip balm, and testing its appearance, consistency, pH level, how easily it spreads, how sticky it is, how pleasant it feels, and whether it causes any irritation. The peel of the mangosteen was used to make an extract, and this extract had a yield of 25.80%. It contained certain compounds like flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins. The total anthocyanin content was 22.810 mg per liter, and the absorbance reading was 1.366. The lip balm formulas included F0 without any extract, F1 with 2% extract, F2 with 3% extract, and F3 with 4% extract. All the mixtures were evenly mixed and had good physical features. The pH levels of F0, F1, F2, and F3 were 5.10, 5.15, 5.32, and 5.92 respectively.Their spreadability values were 6.9, 6.8, 6.5, and 6.3 centimeters respectively. The hedonic test found that F1, which had 2% extract, was most accepted overall. No one in the testing group experienced any irritation from the products. The results suggest that mangosteen peel extract could work well as a natural component in lip balm products and has good physical properties.

PROFIL KADAR LIPID TRIGLISERIDA PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SENGGANI (Melastoma malabathricum L.)

Supartiningsih Supartiningsih — 2026-10-22

Dyslipidemia was characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, including elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, accompanied by decreased HDL, and could contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Statins were commonly used to manage dyslipidemia but could cause adverse effects. Senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) contained flavonoids with potential antioxidant activity that could inhibit LDL oxidation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of senggani leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) on triglyceride levels in male white rats induced by a high-fat diet. This laboratory experimental study used a pre-test and post-test control group design. The subjects were male white rats induced with a high-fat diet and divided into six groups: normal control, negative control (1% Na-CMC), positive control (simvastatin), and ethanolic extract groups receiving doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Lipid levels were measured on days 7, 14, and 28. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD post-hoc test. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in HDL levels among groups (p = 0.000; p< 0.05). The LSD test showed significant differences between all extract dosage groups and the negative control (p< 0.05). Thus, the ethanolic extractpof senggani leaves affected HDL cholesterol levels in male white rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight.