PENDETEKSIAN RESIKO AUTIS PADA ANAK MENGGUNAKAN PEMETAAN M-CHAT-R
Keywords:
M-CHAT-R, Toddler, Autism, Risk, ChildAbstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and behavior. Early detection of ASD is important for appropriate intervention. This study aims to detect the risk of autism in children aged 16-30 months in Langkat Regency using the M-CHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised) instrument. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 50 children aged 16-30 months who were screened using M-CHAT-R. The analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher's tests to examine the relationship between gender, premature birth, low birth weight (LBW), family history of autism, and seizure history (epilepsy) with ASD risk. Results: The results showed that male gender was a significant risk factor for ASD (P<0.001). Other factors such as family history of autism, LBW, and seizure history did not show a significant association with ASD (P>0.05). A total of 10% of the children had LBW, and 6% were born prematurely. Conclusion: Male gender is a significant risk factor for ASD, with boys being 1.4 times more at risk compared to girls. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between family history of autism, LBW, premature birth, or seizure history with ASD. Further research is needed to explore the genetic and environmental factors contributing to ASD in Indonesia.
References
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[22] Kuban KC, Joseph RM, O'Shea TM, Allred EN, Heeren T, Douglass L, et al. Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study Investigators. Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years. J Pediatr. 2016;173:69 75.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.048
[23] Solia D, Albarqouni L, Stehlik P, Conroy A, Thomas R. Parent concerns prior to an assessment of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism. 2024;1-2. DOI: 10.1177/13623613241287573
[24] Azad, G., Holingue, C., Pfeiffer, D., Dillon, E., Reetzke, R., Kalb, L., Menon, D., Hong, J. S., & Landa, R. (2022). The influence of race on parental beliefs and concerns during an autism diagnosis: A mixed-method analysis. Autism, 26(5), 1176–1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211044345
[25] Richards, M., Mossey, J., & Robins, D. L. (2016). Parents’ concerns as they relate to their child’s development and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 37(7), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000339
[26] Coffield, C. N., Harris, J. F., Janvier, Y. M., Lopez, M., Gonzalez, N., & Jimenez, M. E. (2020). Parental concerns of under served young children at risk for autism. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31(2), 742–755. https:// doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2020.0058
[27] Jayanath, S., & Ozonoff, S. (2020). First parental concerns and age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: A ret rospective review from Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 27(5), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.21315/ mjms2020.27.5.8
[28] Johnson, N. L., Krueger, W., Jilek, E., & Haglund, K. (2020). Conversations with health care providers and parents before autism diagnosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(5), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pedhc.2020.05.002
[29] Wallisch, A., Little, L., Dean, E., & Dunn, W. (2020). Parent concerns: Differentiating developmental diagnoses in young children Research in Developmental Disabilities, 103, 103684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103684
[30] Weitlauf, A. S., Miceli, A., Vehorn, A., Dada, Y., Pinnock, T., Harris, J. W., Hine, J., & Warren, Z. (2024). Screening, diagnosis, and intervention for autism: Experiences of black and multiracial families seeking Care. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(3), 931–942. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10803-022-05861-z
[2] Alawami AH, Perrin EC, Sakai C. Implementation of M-CHAT Screening for Autism in Primary Care in Saudi Arabia. Glob Pediatr Heal. 2019;6:1–9.
[3] Committee C on CWDS on DBPBFSCMHI for CWSNPA. Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders in the Medical Home: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening. Pediatrics [Internet]. 2006 Jul 1;118(1):405–20. Available from: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/118/1/405/69580/Identifying-Infants-and-Young-Children-With
[4] WHO. Autism Spectrum Disorders & Oter Developmental Disorders from Raising Awareness to Building Capacity. Geneva, Switzerland; 2013.
[5] RI KK. Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2022. Autisme A - Z Webinar Peringatan Hari Peduli Autisme Sedunia 2022.
[6] Johnson CP, Myers SM, and the Council on Children With Disabilities. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1183-215. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-2361.
[7] Muhle R, Trentacoste S, Rapin I. The genetics of autism. Pediatrics. 2004;113:e472-86. DOI: 10.1542/peds.113.5.e472.
[8] Arndt TL, Stodgell CJ, Rodier PM. The teratology of autism. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2005;23:189-99. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijdevneu.2004.11.001.
[9] Christensen J, Grønborg TK, Sørensen MJ, Schendel D, Parner ET, Pedersen LH, et al. Prenatal valproate exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorders and childhood autism. JAMA. 2013;309:1696-703. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.2270.
[10] Croen LA, Connors SL, Matevia M, Qian Y, Newschaffer C, Zimmerman AW. Prenatal exposure to ?2-adrenergic receptor agonists and risk of autism spectrum disorders. J Neurodev Disord. 2011;3:307-15. DOI: 10.1007/s11689 011-9093-4.
[11] Harrington JW, Allen K. The clinician’s guide to autism. Pediatr Rev. 2014;35:62-78. DOI: 10.1542/pir.35-2-62.
[12] Robins DL, Casagrande K, Barton M, Chen CMA, Dumont Mathieu T, Fein D. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics. 2014;133:37-45. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-1813.
[13] Nguyen QT. ASD Screening in The Primary Care Setting: The MCHAT-R & Beyond [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 17]. Available from: https://physicians.utah.edu/echo/ pdfs/2019-02-20-screening-asd-in-primary-care.pdf
[14] Windiani IGAT, Soetjiningsih S, Adnyana IGAS, Lestari KA. Indonesian Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddler, Revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F) for autism screening in children at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali-Indonesia. Bali Med J. 2016;5:133-7. DOI: 10.15562/bmj.v5i2.240.
[15] Aditya CJ, Dahliana JK, Widodo AD, Sekartini R. Autism spectrum disorder screening in children aged 16-30 months using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised (M-CHAT-R). Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2021;61(5):247-52.
[16] Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R, Larsson H, Hultman CM, Reichenberg A. The familial risk of autism. JAMA. 2014;311:1770-7. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.4144.
[17] Harrison MS, Goldenberg RL. Global burden of prematurity. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;21:74-9. DOI: 10.1016/j. siny.2015.12.007.
[18] Rohsiswatmo R, Amandito R. Optimalisasi pertumbuhan bayi prematur dan pasca prematur di Indonesia; mengacu pada pedoman nutrisi bayi prematur di RSCM. Sari Pediatr. 2019;21:262-70. DOI: 10.14238/sp21.4.2019.262-70.
[19] Wang C, Geng H, Liu W, Zhang G. Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: a meta-analysis. Medicine (United States). 2017;96:e6696. DOI: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000006696.
[20] Lukmanji S, Manji SA, Kadhim S, Sauro KM, Wirrell EC, Kwon CS, et al. The co-occurrence of epilepsy and autism: a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;98:238-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.07.037.
[21] Lee BH, Smith T, Paciorkowski AR. Autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy: Disorders with a shared biology. Epilepsy Behav. 2015;47:191-201. DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.03.017.
[22] Kuban KC, Joseph RM, O'Shea TM, Allred EN, Heeren T, Douglass L, et al. Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study Investigators. Girls and Boys Born before 28 Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10 Years. J Pediatr. 2016;173:69 75.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.048
[23] Solia D, Albarqouni L, Stehlik P, Conroy A, Thomas R. Parent concerns prior to an assessment of autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Autism. 2024;1-2. DOI: 10.1177/13623613241287573
[24] Azad, G., Holingue, C., Pfeiffer, D., Dillon, E., Reetzke, R., Kalb, L., Menon, D., Hong, J. S., & Landa, R. (2022). The influence of race on parental beliefs and concerns during an autism diagnosis: A mixed-method analysis. Autism, 26(5), 1176–1187. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211044345
[25] Richards, M., Mossey, J., & Robins, D. L. (2016). Parents’ concerns as they relate to their child’s development and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 37(7), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000339
[26] Coffield, C. N., Harris, J. F., Janvier, Y. M., Lopez, M., Gonzalez, N., & Jimenez, M. E. (2020). Parental concerns of under served young children at risk for autism. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31(2), 742–755. https:// doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2020.0058
[27] Jayanath, S., & Ozonoff, S. (2020). First parental concerns and age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder: A ret rospective review from Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 27(5), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.21315/ mjms2020.27.5.8
[28] Johnson, N. L., Krueger, W., Jilek, E., & Haglund, K. (2020). Conversations with health care providers and parents before autism diagnosis: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 34(5), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pedhc.2020.05.002
[29] Wallisch, A., Little, L., Dean, E., & Dunn, W. (2020). Parent concerns: Differentiating developmental diagnoses in young children Research in Developmental Disabilities, 103, 103684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103684
[30] Weitlauf, A. S., Miceli, A., Vehorn, A., Dada, Y., Pinnock, T., Harris, J. W., Hine, J., & Warren, Z. (2024). Screening, diagnosis, and intervention for autism: Experiences of black and multiracial families seeking Care. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(3), 931–942. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10803-022-05861-z
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Published
2025-03-26
How to Cite
Mardiah, M., & Musdalina, M. (2025). PENDETEKSIAN RESIKO AUTIS PADA ANAK MENGGUNAKAN PEMETAAN M-CHAT-R. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Imelda, 11(1), 34–40. Retrieved from https://jurnal.uimedan.ac.id/index.php/JURNALKEBIDANAN/article/view/1788
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