ISOLASI DAN ELUSIDASI STRUKTUR SENYAWA DARI EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERINYA
Abstract
Skrining aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap 10 spesies tanaman obat yang secara empiris telah digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di Indonesia, di antaranya umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa), herba ki tolod (Isotoma longiflora), buah ketepeng cina (Cassia alata), dan daun bluntas (Pluchea indica). Berdasarkan hasil skrining aktivitas antibakteri, ekstrak umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa) menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling dominan terhadap Bacillus subtilis dan Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 dan 100 μg/ml, serta terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae pada konsentrasi ekstrak 200 μg/ml. Purifikasi dan isolasi senyawa serta uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan untuk mengetahui senyawa yang bertanggung jawab atas aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak bawang dayak. Dari hasil purifikasi dan isolasi senyawa menggunakan MPLC, kolom kromatografi, serta KLT preparatif, dihasilkan suatu senyawa isolat (4 mg). Senyawa tersebut dianalisis menggunakan LR-EIMS serta 1D-2D NMR, dan selanjutnya diidentifikasi sebagai Hongconin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak bawang dayak dan senyawa isolat menunjukkan hasil ekstrak bawang dayak mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong moderat/sedang terhadap B. subtilis, S. aureus, dan K. pneumoniae, ditunjukkan dengan nilai KHM antara 100-200 μg/ml. Sementara itu, senyawa isolat (Hongconin) mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong lemah terhadap semua jenis bakteri patogen yang diujikan, ditunjukkan dengan nilai KHM >200 μM.
Kata kunci: bawang dayak, antibakteri, isolasi, Hongconin
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