PENGARUH AKTIVITAS MONTESSORI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF KLIEN PSIKOGERIATRI DENGAN SCHIZOFRENIA KRONIS
Abstrak
Lansia yang telah terpapar psikosis (schizophrenia) sejak muda atau sejak usia dewasa akan mengalami kemunduran fungsi kognitif yang parah yaituu defisit memori, fungsii eksekutif, atensi. Gangguan fungsi kognitif yang lain juga mengalami gangguan yaitu fungsi berbahasa, inteligensia dan orientasi. Aktivitas Montessori merupakan aktivitas yang menyesuaikan dengan ketertarikan dan keterampilan dari klien yang bisa diterapkan dalam menstimulasi maupun mencegah kemunduran fungsi kognitif lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas montessori terhadap kemampuan kognitif klien psikogeriatri dengan schizophrenia kronis. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen kuasi dengan rancangan non randomized control group pre-post test desain. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) atau tes Folstein sebanyak 2 kali pada pre dan posttest. Jumlah sampel 30 orang terbagi menjadi 15 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 15 orang kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Rehabilitasi Psikiatrik Rumah Singgah Laras Jiwo di wilayah Kabupaten Magelang pada bulan September hingga November tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas montessori tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan kognitif (skor MMSE), dibuktikan dengan hasil uji mann whitney dengan besarnya koefisien beda posttest antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kontrol diperoleh nilai z sebesar -1.579 dan p-value sebesar 0.114 (p>0.05). Namun demikian koefisien beda pre dan post kelompok eksperimen menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai z sebesar-3.436 dan p-value sebesar 0.001 (p<0.05), sehingga bisa disimpulkan aktivitas Montessori tetap memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan MMSE pada kelompok eksperimen.
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